|
|
|||
|
Anheuser-Busch Vehicle Department - 1919-1933 - St. Louis, Missouri |
|||
|
In 1903 the Anheuser-Busch
Brewing Association of St. Louis, Missouri ordered two massive electric
truck chassis from the General Vehicle Company of Long Island City, New
York. Twenty four feet long and ten feet wide, they had a capacity of 30,000
pounds worth of brew, and proved to be too big. Subsequent experiments with
significantly smaller 1 to 3½-ton electrics proved more successful and
within 5 years, the St Louis brewer owned a fleet of 45-50 beer trucks as
evidenced by the following article from the January 1909 issue of the
Commercial Vehicle:
“The example of the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association stands as one of the most favorable arguments for the machines to the advertising account in order to make the books balance. For a time Adolphus Busch was in a quandary. He might have abandoned the use of the cars entirely had he not at someone's suggestion employed the best electric expert that he could find to take charge of his immense garage. After this step was taken conditions immediately began to improve, until now there is no doubt that the use of power-driven vehicles is something more than economy to this particular concern. 1919 marked a number of changes for the St, Louis Brewer, the company was renamed Anheuser-Busch, and the post-war Depression and pending commencement of Prohibition resulted in the firm’s first loss. According to Anheuser-Busch historian, Ronald Jan Plavchan: “Anheuser-Busch, which had never before failed to make a profit on its operations in any year for which records exist, showed substantial losses in 1919 ($2,478,985), 1920 ($1,572,255), 1921 ($1,329,072) and 1922 ($218,270).” Anheuser-Busch was the nation’s largest brewery, and before the start of Prohibition the firm’s 3,000 employees produced over 1 million barrels of beer per year. Starting in 1919 the firm instituted massive layoffs, and introduced a number of new products such as ice cream, yeast and grape soda. One outgrowth of Anheuser-Busch’s new ice cream business was the manufacture of products that could both store and transport the extremely temperature-sensitive product. The firm’s Vehicle Department quickly set about designing and building a whole series of ice cream cabinets and delivery truck bodies, which were all built using the same hardware and technology. A slightly less insulated version of the ice cream bodies was developed that proved popular with dairymen. A third totally un-insulated line of truck bodies known as the 'Adolphus' was also developed using the same body shells that were marketed to dry goods vendors and transporters. They also built small numbers of architecturally-inspired horse-boxes as well as a complete line of city service buses and intercity motor coaches. The Body Works also built a luxurious private coach on a 1931 Yellow Coach chassis for Adolphus Busch III. The vehicle still exists and can be seen at the St. Louis Museum of Transportation. Anheuser-Busch’s A.B.C. (Automatic Brine Circulation) refrigerated truck bodies were popular in the Midwest and the firm produced two separate catalogs, one for their standard refrigerated bodies that were marketed to dairymen, green grocers and butchers and a second catalog which featured heavily insulated bodies specifically designed for ice cream distributors. Clarence Birdseye’s frozen food technology had yet to be perfected and a need to transport non-dairy frozen foods didn’t develop until after the start of the Depression. Originally developed for use in refrigerated rail cars, the A.B.C. system was also adaptable to delivery truck as show in the October 1920 issue of the Journal of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers: "The construction of the automatic brine circulation system is such that it is not limited to refrigerator-cars, but may be applied to any moving vehicle such as trucks, boats, etc. Already the system has been installed by a Chicago ice-cream manufacturing concern in a number of their large electric delivery-trucks. In these trucks there is but one tank with pipes, through which the brine circulates and then returns to the tank. The swaying and jolting of the trucks have the same effect of circulating the brine as in the case of railroad cars.” By the late twenties solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) and electrical refrigeration units had replaced the messy A.B.C. refrigeration systems used on Anheuser-Busch’s insulated shipping, storage and delivery bodies. Following the 1933 repeal of the Volstead Act, the firm’s Vehicle Department abandoned their body building activities for outside customers and concentrated on the manufacture of beer transport and delivery bodies for in-house use. They also were put in charge of manufacturing the oversized beer wagons towed by the world-famous Clydesdale horses, which had been recently purchased by Adolphus Busch III to celebrate the firm’s resumption of beer manufacturing. The body works also built the giant horse boxes that were needed to transport the massive Clydesdales from appearance to appearance. Although the main emphasis of Anheuser-Busch's Vehicle Department was the manufacture of commercial bodies, they produced a number of interesting specialty products for other markets. The most successful of these was the Lampsteed Kampkar, a recreational vehicle body designed for the Model T that debuted sometime around 1920. The Kampkar was designed by Samuel B. Lambert (b.1894-d.1930), the son of Arthur W. Lambert, the treasurer of the Lambert Pharmacal Co., the St. Louis-based manufacturer of Listerine. The Kampkar bodies were sold in a completely knocked-down (CKD) kit that was easily shipped across the country via rail and was distributed through authorized Ford dealers. Painted a distinctive forest green direct from the factory, both sides of the rear compartment folded down, Pullman style, creating two 42” wide double beds. When placed upright, the center portion of the bed formed a pair of bench seats that ran parallel to the sides of the body. The driver and front cab passenger sat on the forward portions of the two benches, their backs supported by movable back rests. A circa 1921 Kampkar brochure: ”Make this the kind of a vacation you've always dreamed about - enjoy the splendor of Yellowstone, the majesty of the Grand Canyon, visit balmy Palm Beach or the great North Woods. Go anywhere you wish - on your own schedule, over your own railroad system in your own private car, stopping at your own hotel, eating your own cooking at your own table - all in great comfort and at a price you can easily afford. A Kampkar ad in the July 1923 issue of Field and Stream stated: “Deep, restful sleep is made certain by two wide, comfortable beds four feet from the ground - high, dry and safe.” Samuel B. Lambert held a number of transportation-related patents and when production of the Kampkar ended in the late Twenties he founded his own aviation firm, the Lambert Aircraft Engine Corp. Lambert was piloting one of his aircraft en route to the Detroit All-American Aircraft Show in April, 1930 when his propeller snapped and he plunged to his death. Considering their low production numbers, a surprising number of Kampkars still exist in museums and private and collections. The Zagelmeyer Auto Camp Company of Bay City, Michigan offered a similarly-named Model T camper body called the Kamper-Kar. The main advantage of the Zagelmeyer Kamper-Kar over the Lampsteed was that it featured an automatic pop-up top that allowed its owners to stand inside the vehicle once the side berths were lowered. Zagelmeyer’s $1000+ Kamper-Kar body was significantly more expensive than the Lampsteed Kampkar and as it was produced in far fewer numbers that may explain why there’s only one known survivor. Zagelmeyer also produced camping trailers and turn-key camper conversions on Reo and Chevrolet chassis. Another product of the Anheuser-Busch Vehicle Department’s Body Shop that was marketed to consumers was the Rancher, a wood station wagon that was designed to compete with similar offerings from Babcock, Cantrell and others. As was the Kampkar, the Rancher was nationally distributed in completely knocked down (CKD) form and could easily be adapted to Chevrolet, Dodge, Ford and White chassis. The Anheuser-Busch Vehicle Department also created the coachwork for the firm’s nautically-inspired advertising vehicles. The inspiration for the Bevo Boats, as they were popularly called, did not originate within Anheuser-Busch and came from legendary Manhattan automobile dealer Conover T. Silver. Silver was the Manhattan distributor for Willys-Overland, Peerless, and went on to create the legendary Silver-Apperson and Kissel Silver-Special Speedsters. Headquartered in the upper floors of the 9-story Peerless Building was Silver’s custom body operation and just before the start of the First World War he created a nautically-inspired vehicle on an Overland chassis which was featured in the October 17, 1915 issue of the New York Times: “Novel Automobile On the Lines of a River Launch. The December 1915 issue of The Rudder also featured the vehicle: “A Land Runabout of Nautical Design The vehicle was featured in the 1916 film Gloria’s Romance which starred Billie Burke after which it was acquired by Anheuser-Busch’s Advertising Department, which used it to launch their new Bevo malt beverage. Re-christened the Bevo Victory Boat, at the start of the War the Oakland-chassised advertising vehicle was sent around the country to help sell War Bonds. Bevo was a near-beer concocted from barley malt, rice, hops, yeast, and water which took its name from the Bohemian pivo (beer) and contained less than one-half percent alcohol. It was developed in anticipation of a 1916 ban on the consumption of alcoholic beverages by the US Armed Forces. Bevo was by far the most popular of the many near beers of the time and at its peak of popularity sold more than five million cases annually. The Bevo Victory Boat joined another Bevo related mascot, “Renard the Fox” (based on the protagonist of a medieval French folk-tale) who was created to help advertise the new beverage. Sometime during 1917 Anheuser-Busch’s Vehicle Department face-lifted the C.T. Silver built Oakland chassised vehicle. Pictures of both vehicles survive and although in later years Anheuser Busch claims to have built the vehicle, it's clear their only contribution was to put a false bow over the front end of Silver's creation. A second, all-new version of the Bevo Boat were constructed in Anheuser-Busch’s St. Louis body shops sometime between 1920 and 1923. Although the new vehicle was inspired by C.T. Silver's circa 1915 creation it featured all new coachwork, Disteel wheels and was reportedly built on a Pierce-Arrow chassis. The second vehicle featured the same alternating color wooden-planked hull design of the Silver Bird and was finished in a clear varnish. Eagle-eyed Dorris owners suggest the vehicle’s chassis was not built in Buffalo, and was actually constructed in St Louis by the Dorris Motors Corporation. Although surviving pictures reveal a set of small Dorris hubcaps on the vehicle, it doesn't prove that the chassis was built by the same manufacturer. It's more likely that the caps were added by Anheuser-Busch's mechanics to hide the real identity of the chassis. Internally referred to as Anheuser-Busch Land Cruisers, the Bevo Boats advertised other Anheuser-Busch products as evidenced in the picture to the left that was taken in 1924 in front of the US Treasury Building in Washington, D.C. The unhappy driver in the close-up is Adolphus Busch III, the son of the then-current president of Anheuser-Busch, August Anheuser Busch, Sr., and grandson and namesake of the firm’s founder, Adolphus Busch I. A totally re-designed third series Land Cruiser (later renamed as the Budweiser II) appeared in 1929-1930 on a Pierce-Arrow chassis that utilized a flat rear end, similar to those found on the era’s inboard speedboats built by Gar Wood and others. Once again the vehicle's body/hull was constructed of alternating wooden planks and although it was originally coated in a clear varnish, it was repainted in horizontal red and white stripes following the repeal of the Volstead Act. A fourth series Pierce-Arrow-chassised Land Cruiser (known as the Budweiser III) appeared sometime around 1933-34 and featured the front end of the 1929-1930 Land Cruiser with a new sculpted rear end treatment resembling that found on a similarly-sized sailboat of the era. All remaining Land Cruisers / Bevo Boats were rechristened as Budweiser I’s, II’s and III’s when Prohibition ended in 1933. One of the circa 1933-34 vehicles was supposedly displayed at a mid-thirties Indianapolis 500. Historians believe total production of all boat-shaped Anheuser-Busch advertising vehicles is thought to be eight, although confirmation is lacking. Pictures exist of four distinct vehicles and although it’s possible there were more, its interesting to note that no two Land Cruisers / Bevo Boats are ever pictured together. Of the four variations there is only one extant, a circa 1929-1930 Budweiser II. Unfortunately sometime during its lifetime its original Pierce-Arrow chassis was discarded and replaced with one from a 1930 V-12 Cadillac Sport Phaeton. The recently-restored survivor is finished in red with white stripes and includes a host of unusual features such as a red leather interior, Woodlite head and cowl lights, bi-lateral anchors and life preservers, anchor-tipped front bumpers, an ornamental propeller, Wig-Wag taillights, and three onboard Winchester cannons. What follows is the text from a circa 1923 Anheuser-Busch Vehicle Department catalog advertising the division’s various products and body-building activities. The brochure included renderings of the first C.T. Silver-built Bevo Boat, photographs of the Lampsteed Kampkar and Rancher station wagon as well as images of the firm’s full line of commercial truck bodies: “Anheuser-Busch Bodies © 2004 Mark Theobald - Coachbuilt.com
|
|
For more information please read: Ronald Jan Plavchan - A History of Anheuser-Busch, 1852-1933, pub 1969, 1976 Time Magazine, Monday, Apr. 21, 1930 issue Car Classics, June 1970 issue G.N. Georgano & G. Marshall Naul - The Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles Albert Mroz - Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks & Commercial Vehicles Denis Miller - The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Trucks and Buses Tad Burness - American Truck Spotter's Guide, 1920-1970 Tad Burness - American Truck & Bus Spotter's Guide, 1920-1985 Robert M Roll - American trucking: A seventy-five year odyssey David Jacobs - American Trucks: A photographic essay of American Trucks and Trucking David Jacobs - American Trucks: More Colour Photographs of Truck & Trucking John Gunnell - American Work Trucks: A Pictorial History of Commercial Trucks 1900-1994 George W. Green - Special-Use Vehicles: An Illustrated History of Unconventional Cars and Trucks Daniel D. Hutchins - Wheels Across America: Carriage Art & Craftsmanship Ronald G. Adams - 100 Years of Semi Trucks Stan Holtzman - Big Rigs: The Complete History of the American Semi Truck Stan Holtzman & Jeremy Harris Lipschultz - Classic American Semi Trucks Stan Holtzman - Semi Truck Color History Donald F. Wood - American Beer Trucks Donald F. Wood - Beverage Trucks: Photo Archive Donald F. Wood - Commercial Trucks Donald F. Wood - Delivery Trucks Donald F. Wood - Gas & Oil Trucks Donald F. Wood - Logging Trucks 1915 Through 1970: Photo Archive Donald F. Wood - New Car Carriers 1910-1998 Photo Album Donald F. Wood - RVs & Campers 1900-2000: An Illustrated History Donald F. Wood - Wreckers and Tow Trucks Gini Rice - Relics of the Road Gini Rice - Relics of the Road - Impressive International Trucks 1907-1947 Gini Rice - Relics of the Road - Keen Kenworth Trucks - 1915-1955 Richard J. Copello - American Car Haulers Niels Jansen - Pictorial History of American Trucks John B. Montville - Refuse Trucks: Photo Archive Bill Rhodes - Circus and Carnival Trucks 1941-2000: Photo Archive Howard L. Applegate - Coca-Cola: Its Vehicles in Photographs 1930 Through 1969: Photo Archive James T. Lenzke & Karen E. O'Brien - Standard Catalog of American Light-Duty Trucks: 1896-2000 James K. Wagner - Ford Trucks since 1905 Fred Crismon - International Trucks Don Bunn - Encyclopedia of Chevrolet Trucks
|
| © 2004 Coachbuilt.com, Inc. | Index | Disclaimer | Privacy |